Volume 7, Issue 20 (Spring 2024)
J Altern Vet Med 2024, 7(20): 1161-1167 |
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Golchin Manshadi A, Beladi S M R, Tarahomi M. Lernaea Cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 (Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae) in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) from a Commercial Fish Farm in the Rearing Ponds of Shushtar, Khuzestan Province. J Altern Vet Med 2024; 7 (20) :1161-1167
URL: http://joavm.kazerun.iau.ir/article-1-170-en.html
URL: http://joavm.kazerun.iau.ir/article-1-170-en.html
1- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran , golchinalireza@yahoo.com
2- Gratuated of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
3- epartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
2- Gratuated of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
3- epartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
Abstract: (189 Views)
Background and aim: Lernaea cyprinacea is an important ectoparasitic copepod, commonly known as an Anchor-worm. It is most likely native to Asia, including Iran, but has a wide global distribution including Europe, Africa, Australia, North and South America. It can infects more than 100 species of teleost fish and amphibians. This study was performrd in order to survey on the incidence of Lernaea cyprinacea on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), in the rearing ponds of Shushtar, in Khuzestan province.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred seventy five fish were captured from four ponds by fishing net and transferred to laboratory of veterinary medicine, Kazerun Branch of Islamic Azad University by containers of formaldehyde 10%. After identifying the Lernaea cyprinacea by key identification, biometric operations were performed on fishes.
Results: The results showed that from 275 fish, 63 fish were infected to Lernaea cyprinacea which formed 23 % of the captured fish. The statistical results base on Pearson correlation showed that there was no significant relationship between total length or weight and number of lesions on the body (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Lernaea cyprinacea infected the population of grass carp in Shushtar region of Khuzestan province. Due to the biological and economic damages, it is necessary to take appropriate actions to eradicate the parasite.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred seventy five fish were captured from four ponds by fishing net and transferred to laboratory of veterinary medicine, Kazerun Branch of Islamic Azad University by containers of formaldehyde 10%. After identifying the Lernaea cyprinacea by key identification, biometric operations were performed on fishes.
Results: The results showed that from 275 fish, 63 fish were infected to Lernaea cyprinacea which formed 23 % of the captured fish. The statistical results base on Pearson correlation showed that there was no significant relationship between total length or weight and number of lesions on the body (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Lernaea cyprinacea infected the population of grass carp in Shushtar region of Khuzestan province. Due to the biological and economic damages, it is necessary to take appropriate actions to eradicate the parasite.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Aquatic animal disease
Received: 2023/12/23 | Accepted: 2024/02/20 | Published: 2024/05/30
Received: 2023/12/23 | Accepted: 2024/02/20 | Published: 2024/05/30
References
1. Abbas F., Ashraf M. and Rehmman, MH. Lernaea susceptibility, infestation and its treatment in indigenous major and exotic Chinese carps under polyculture system. Pak J Zool, 2014; 46(5): 1215-1222.
2. Abdi K. Identification and investigation of crustacean parasites and leeches of fishes of Mahabad Lake. Thesis of D.V.M. Urmia Azad University, 1995; 219: 11-43.
3. Adams AM. Infestation of Fundulus kansae (Garman) (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) by the Copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758, in the South Platte River. Am Midl Nat, 1984; 131-137. [DOI:10.2307/2425466]
4. Alishahi M. and Peighan RA. Report of severe and rare infection with Lernaea cyprinaceae in a carp fish. Irani Vet J, 1999; 4: 122-128.
5. Ananda Raja R., Patil PK., Avunje S., Aravind RP., Alavandi SV., Vijayan KK. Biosafety, withdrawal and eficacy of anti-parasitic drug emamectin benzoate in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). Aquaculture, 2020; 525: 735335. [DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735335]
6. Ananda Raja R., Patil PK., Avunje S., Kumaran M., Anand P., Kondusamy A., et al. Natural infestation of an anchor worm, Lernaea sp. in cage culture of Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer juveniles and its control using an anti-parasitic drug, emamectin benzoate. J Parasit Dis, 2023; 47(2): 306-318. [DOI:10.1007/s12639-023-01571-0] [PMID] []
7. Bilal M., Abbas F., Atique U., Rehman M., Hafeez-ur, Inayat M., et al. Lernaeid parasites prevalence in commercial freshwater fish species at various fish farms in Pakistan. Braz J Biol, 2024; 842024. [DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.253868] [PMID]
8. Des Clers S. Functional relationship between sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens, Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) burden and host size in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Proc Biol Sci, 1991; 245: 85-89. [DOI:10.1098/rspb.1991.0092] [PMID]
9. Fadaei Fard F., Mokhayer B. and Ghorbani H. Research on the identification of parasites in fishes of Chaghakhor lagoon in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. J Vet Med, 2001; 59: 109-114.
10. Gervasoni SH., Chemes SB., Scaglione MC. and Cerutti RD. First report of Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea: Lernaeidae) parasiting Rhamdia quelen (Pisces: Heptapteridae) in Santa Fe (Argentina) under hatchery conditions. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu, 2018; 31(3): 229-234. [DOI:10.17533/udea.rccp.v31n3a08]
11. Gutierrez-Galindo JF. and Lacasa-Millan MI. Population dynamics of Lernaea cyprinacea on four cyprinid species. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2005; 67 :111-114. [DOI:10.3354/dao067111] [PMID]
12. Ho J. Cladistics of the Lernaeidae (Cyclopoida), a major family of freshwater fish parasites. J Mar Syst, 1998; 15: 177-183. [DOI:10.1016/S0924-7963(97)00078-X]
13. Hoffman G. Parasites of north american freshwater fishes. Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press, 1967; 22:11-14 . [DOI:10.1525/9780520320253]
14. Hua CJ., Zhang D., Zou H., Li M., Jakovlić I., Wu SG., et al. Morphology is not a reliable taxonomic tool for the genus Lernaea: Molecular data and experimental infection reveal that L. cyprinacea and L. cruciata are conspecific. Parasites and Vectors, 2019; 12(1): 579. [DOI:10.1186/s13071-019-3831-y] [PMID] []
15. Iqbal Z., Shafqat A. and Haroon F. Lernaea diversity and infection in Indian and Chinese carps under semi-intensive culture conditions in Lahore, Punjab. J Anim Plant Sci, 2012; 22(4): 923-926.
16. Jalali B. Lernaeasis in Cyprinid cultured Fish in Iran (Master thesis). University of Godolo, Hungary, 1987; 17.
17. Jalali B. Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Iranian Freshwater Fishes. Aquatic Breeding and Rearing. Iranian Fisheries Company, Tehran, 1998; PP: 112-143.
18. Jalali B. and Barzegar M. Fish parasites in Zarivar lake. JAST, 2006; 8: 47-58.
19. Jazebizadeh K. Study on parasitic diseases of fishes of Zarivar lake. Environmental Protection Organization of Iran Publication, 1983; PP: 19-43. (In Persian)
20. Jazebizadeh K. Identification of fishes in the northern catchment area of the Karun River. Master thesis, Tehran University of Natural Resources, 1995; PP: 5-122. (In Persian)
21. Kır I. The Effects of parasites on the growth of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius L., 1758) inhabiting the Kovada lake. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 2007; 31: 162-166.
22. Klinger RE. and Floyd RF. Introduction to freshwater fish parasites: University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS; 1998.
23. Mirzaei M. Prevalence and histopathologic study of Lernaea cyprinacea in two species of ornamental fish (Poecilialatipinna and Xiphophorushelleri) in Kerman, South-East Iran. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 2015; 39(3): 222-226. [DOI:10.5152/tpd.2015.3960] [PMID]
24. Moghadam SB., Mokhayer B. and Masouleh AS. Parasite infection among larvae and fingerling of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in Vitro tank and earthen ponds. Iran. J Fish Sci, 2009; 9: 342-351.
25. Moghinemi R. Final report of the project on the study of parasitic contamination in native fishes of Horul Azim wetland, Azadegan Plain. IFSRI, 1995; 71-98.
26. Mokhayer B. Parasites and parasitic diseases of fish. The first international symposium of Ichthyoparasitology, Ceske Budejovice, 1983.
27. Robinson J. and Avenant-Oldewage A. Aspects of the morphology of the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and notes on its distribution in Africa. Crustaceana, 1996: 610-626. [DOI:10.1163/156854096X00628]
28. Sayyadzadeh G., Esmaeili HR., Ghasemian S., Mirghiyasi S., Parsi B., Zamanpoore M., et al. Co-invasion of anchor worms Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) in some freshwater shes of the Kor River Basin, Southwest of Iran with some remarks on the ecological aspects of lernaeosis in the country. Iran. J Fish Sci, 2016; 15(1): 369-389.
29. Tasawar Z., Umerand K. and Hayat CS. Lernaea parasites of Catla catla from a fish hatchery in mozaffargarh. Pak Vet J, 2007; 27:17-19.
30. Tavares-dias M. and Martins ML. An overall estimation of losses caused by diseases in the Brazilian fish farms. J Parasit Dis, 2017; 41(4): 913-918. [DOI:10.1007/s12639-017-0938-y] [PMID] []
31. Ullah I., Khan MF., Khan MS., Khan, SU., Hussain S. and Javid M. Copepod ecto-parasites of Labeo rohita from Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. J Entomol Zool Stud, 2018; 6(5); 1077-1076.
32. Abbas F., Ashraf M. and Rehmman, MH. Lernaea susceptibility, infestation and its treatment in indigenous major and exotic Chinese carps under polyculture system. Pak J Zool, 2014; 46(5): 1215-1222.
33. Abdi K. Identification and investigation of crustacean parasites and leeches of fishes of Mahabad Lake. Thesis of D.V.M. Urmia Azad University, 1995; 219: 11-43.
34. Adams AM. Infestation of Fundulus kansae (Garman) (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) by the Copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758, in the South Platte River. Am Midl Nat, 1984; 131-137. [DOI:10.2307/2425466]
35. Alishahi M. and Peighan RA. Report of severe and rare infection with Lernaea cyprinaceae in a carp fish. Irani Vet J, 1999; 4: 122-128.
36. Ananda Raja R., Patil PK., Avunje S., Aravind RP., Alavandi SV., Vijayan KK. Biosafety, withdrawal and eficacy of anti-parasitic drug emamectin benzoate in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). Aquaculture, 2020; 525: 735335. [DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735335]
37. Ananda Raja R., Patil PK., Avunje S., Kumaran M., Anand P., Kondusamy A., et al. Natural infestation of an anchor worm, Lernaea sp. in cage culture of Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer juveniles and its control using an anti-parasitic drug, emamectin benzoate. J Parasit Dis, 2023; 47(2): 306-318. [DOI:10.1007/s12639-023-01571-0] [PMID] []
38. Bilal M., Abbas F., Atique U., Rehman M., Hafeez-ur, Inayat M., et al. Lernaeid parasites prevalence in commercial freshwater fish species at various fish farms in Pakistan. Braz J Biol, 2024; 842024. [DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.253868] [PMID]
39. Des Clers S. Functional relationship between sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens, Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) burden and host size in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Proc Biol Sci, 1991; 245: 85-89. [DOI:10.1098/rspb.1991.0092] [PMID]
40. Fadaei Fard F., Mokhayer B. and Ghorbani H. Research on the identification of parasites in fishes of Chaghakhor lagoon in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. J Vet Med, 2001; 59: 109-114.
41. Gervasoni SH., Chemes SB., Scaglione MC. and Cerutti RD. First report of Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea: Lernaeidae) parasiting Rhamdia quelen (Pisces: Heptapteridae) in Santa Fe (Argentina) under hatchery conditions. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu, 2018; 31(3): 229-234. [DOI:10.17533/udea.rccp.v31n3a08]
42. Gutierrez-Galindo JF. and Lacasa-Millan MI. Population dynamics of Lernaea cyprinacea on four cyprinid species. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2005; 67 :111-114. [DOI:10.3354/dao067111] [PMID]
43. Ho J. Cladistics of the Lernaeidae (Cyclopoida), a major family of freshwater fish parasites. J Mar Syst, 1998; 15: 177-183. [DOI:10.1016/S0924-7963(97)00078-X]
44. Hoffman G. Parasites of north american freshwater fishes. Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press, 1967; 22:11-14 . [DOI:10.1525/9780520320253]
45. Hua CJ., Zhang D., Zou H., Li M., Jakovlić I., Wu SG., et al. Morphology is not a reliable taxonomic tool for the genus Lernaea: Molecular data and experimental infection reveal that L. cyprinacea and L. cruciata are conspecific. Parasites and Vectors, 2019; 12(1): 579. [DOI:10.1186/s13071-019-3831-y] [PMID] []
46. Iqbal Z., Shafqat A. and Haroon F. Lernaea diversity and infection in Indian and Chinese carps under semi-intensive culture conditions in Lahore, Punjab. J Anim Plant Sci, 2012; 22(4): 923-926.
47. Jalali B. Lernaeasis in Cyprinid cultured Fish in Iran (Master thesis). University of Godolo, Hungary, 1987; 17.
48. Jalali B. Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Iranian Freshwater Fishes. Aquatic Breeding and Rearing. Iranian Fisheries Company, Tehran, 1998; PP: 112-143.
49. Jalali B. and Barzegar M. Fish parasites in Zarivar lake. JAST, 2006; 8: 47-58.
50. Jazebizadeh K. Study on parasitic diseases of fishes of Zarivar lake. Environmental Protection Organization of Iran Publication, 1983; PP: 19-43. (In Persian)
51. Jazebizadeh K. Identification of fishes in the northern catchment area of the Karun River. Master thesis, Tehran University of Natural Resources, 1995; PP: 5-122. (In Persian)
52. Kır I. The Effects of parasites on the growth of the crucian carp (Carassius carassius L., 1758) inhabiting the Kovada lake. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 2007; 31: 162-166.
53. Klinger RE. and Floyd RF. Introduction to freshwater fish parasites: University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS; 1998.
54. Mirzaei M. Prevalence and histopathologic study of Lernaea cyprinacea in two species of ornamental fish (Poecilialatipinna and Xiphophorushelleri) in Kerman, South-East Iran. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 2015; 39(3): 222-226. [DOI:10.5152/tpd.2015.3960] [PMID]
55. Moghadam SB., Mokhayer B. and Masouleh AS. Parasite infection among larvae and fingerling of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in Vitro tank and earthen ponds. Iran. J Fish Sci, 2009; 9: 342-351.
56. Moghinemi R. Final report of the project on the study of parasitic contamination in native fishes of Horul Azim wetland, Azadegan Plain. IFSRI, 1995; 71-98.
57. Mokhayer B. Parasites and parasitic diseases of fish. The first international symposium of Ichthyoparasitology, Ceske Budejovice, 1983.
58. Robinson J. and Avenant-Oldewage A. Aspects of the morphology of the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and notes on its distribution in Africa. Crustaceana, 1996: 610-626. [DOI:10.1163/156854096X00628]
59. Sayyadzadeh G., Esmaeili HR., Ghasemian S., Mirghiyasi S., Parsi B., Zamanpoore M., et al. Co-invasion of anchor worms Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) in some freshwater shes of the Kor River Basin, Southwest of Iran with some remarks on the ecological aspects of lernaeosis in the country. Iran. J Fish Sci, 2016; 15(1): 369-389.
60. Tasawar Z., Umerand K. and Hayat CS. Lernaea parasites of Catla catla from a fish hatchery in mozaffargarh. Pak Vet J, 2007; 27:17-19.
61. Tavares-dias M. and Martins ML. An overall estimation of losses caused by diseases in the Brazilian fish farms. J Parasit Dis, 2017; 41(4): 913-918. [DOI:10.1007/s12639-017-0938-y] [PMID] []
62. Ullah I., Khan MF., Khan MS., Khan, SU., Hussain S. and Javid M. Copepod ecto-parasites of Labeo rohita from Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. J Entomol Zool Stud, 2018; 6(5); 1077-1076.
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